ASTM A516/A516M is the standard specification for carbon steel plates intended primarily for service in welded pressure vessels where improved notch toughness is important. SA516 Gr70, the highest strength grade in this family with a tensile strength range of 485–620 MPa (70–90 ksi), is subject to rigorous testing requirements to ensure its fitness for pressure-containing service.
The foundational mechanical test is the tension test, which determines tensile strength, yield strength (minimum 260 MPa / 38 ksi), and elongation. Specimens are prepared in the transverse direction in the condition specified for plate use—as-rolled, normalized, or post-weld heat treated. Charpy V-notch impact testing is equally critical, as the material is specifically selected for applications requiring improved notch toughness. Typical requirements call for minimum impact energy of 20 J at -40°C to -46°C for longitudinal specimens, with filler metals often required to deliver average toughness greater than 20 ft-lb at -20°F or even -50°F.
Beyond mechanical testing, hardness testing (typically Vickers) and bend tests (including face bend, root bend, and side bend) are performed on welded joints to verify ductility and soundness. Non-destructive examination is mandatory—ultrasonic testing (UT) per ASME SA435 is commonly applied for 100% inspection to detect internal laminations or defects. The steel must be killed and conform to fine austenitic grain size requirements. For plates produced from coil without heat treatment, additional testing requirements of Specification A20/A20M apply. All test results must be documented and reported, forming the basis of the mill test certificate that accompanies each shipment.
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